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<td nowrap="true" class="pageTitle">任务：制作用户界面原型</td><td width="100%">
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<td valign="top">此任务说明了如何开发 GUI 原型和获取可用性反馈。</td>
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<div class="sectionHeading">用途</div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="sectionTable">
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<td class="sectionTableSingleCell"><a id="Top" name="Top"></a><a id="XE_user_interface__prototyping" name="XE_user_interface__prototyping" class="index" key="用户界面（user interface）" text="设计原型"></a><a id="XE_prototyping_of_user_interfaces" name="XE_prototyping_of_user_interfaces" class="index" key="用户界面的原型设计"></a> 
<ul>
    <li>
        制作系统的用户界面原型，以尝试验证用户界面设计是否符合功能和可用性需求。
    </li>
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<div class="sectionHeading">关系</div>
<div class="sectionContent">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="sectionTable">
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<th scope="row" class="sectionTableHeading">角色</th><td width="30%" class="sectionTableCell"><span class="sectionTableCellHeading">主要:
							</span>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_user_interface_designer_3979A5D2.html" guid="_CQvlYRi2Edq_uI8xTPML6g">用户界面设计员</a>
</li>
</ul>
</td><td width="30%" class="sectionTableCell"><span class="sectionTableCellHeading">其他:
							</span></td><td class="sectionTableCell"><span class="sectionTableCellHeading">辅助:
							</span></td>
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<th scope="row" class="sectionTableHeading">输入</th><td width="30%" class="sectionTableCell"><span class="sectionTableCellHeading">必需:
								</span>
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<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_navmap_BFB94A31.html" guid="_CQjYIhi2Edq_uI8xTPML6g">导航图</a>
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</td><td width="30%" class="sectionTableCell"><span class="sectionTableCellHeading">可选:
								</span>
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<li>
<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_supplementary_specification_E63F1499.html" guid="_CQXK5xi2Edq_uI8xTPML6g">补充规范</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_actor_6BCBB53E.html" guid="_kYZqIr9dEdqBwpaAk4N49g">参与者</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_actor_6A10D5FA.html" guid="_lH9e0r9dEdqBwpaAk4N49g">参与者</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_storyboard_FE0B87F1.html" guid="_CQvlZRi2Edq_uI8xTPML6g">故事板</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_usecase_612DD52E.html" guid="_kYZqIb9dEdqBwpaAk4N49g">用例</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_usecase_5F72F5EA.html" guid="_lH9e0b9dEdqBwpaAk4N49g">用例</a>
</li>
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</td><td class="sectionTableCell"><span class="sectionTableCellHeading">外部:
								</span>
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<li>无</li>
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<tr valign="top">
<th scope="row" class="sectionTableHeading">输出</th><td colspan="3" class="sectionTableCell">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_user_interface_prototype_8B14382A.html" guid="_CQjYJBi2Edq_uI8xTPML6g">用户界面原型</a>
</li>
</ul>
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</div>
<div class="sectionHeading">主要描述</div>
<div class="sectionContent">
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<td class="sectionTableSingleCell"><p>
    制作用户界面原型时，请记住用户界面设计、在需求引发期间创建的<a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_rup/workproducts/rup_storyboard_33EEA89E.html" guid="{77F6A9E0-5650-40BA-BC60-3C53235CDEF5}">故事板</a>以及项目特定指南中的用户界面指南。如果此任务的结果表明需要对故事板进行改进，这些更新就由<a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_rup/roles/rup_system_analyst_C3C9C9AC.html" guid="{F1F206DF-3AA0-4AC0-92EF-8E4A01B6C5B5}">系统分析人员</a>执行（请参阅<a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_rup/tasks/elicit_stakeholder_requests_97BE5D6E.html" guid="{EAEF65F0-E9CA-45B2-A875-47E66B3FDBC6}">任务：引发项目干系人请求</a>）。如果此任务的结果表明需要对用户界面设计进行改进，则由<a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_rup/roles/rup_user_interface_designer_5C1ECFC9.html" guid="{0F994CCE-2B28-414A-9D31-DA23C13B95D4}">用户界面设计员</a>执行这些更新（请参阅<a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_rup/tasks/design_user_interface_DAABE09F.html" guid="{7414C358-6188-4E5C-8C35-F9D4DF3E0123}">任务：设计用户界面</a>）。
</p></td>
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<div class="sectionHeading">步骤</div>
<div class="sectionContent">
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<td class="sectionTableCell">
<div class="stepHeading"> 设计用户界面原型</div>
<div class="stepContent">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="stepTable">
<tr valign="top">
<td><a id="Design the User-Interface Prototype" name="Design the User-Interface Prototype"></a>
<p>
    <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_rup/workproducts/rup_user_interface_prototype_7237E5AA.html" guid="{3DF10D00-8C80-4429-92B8-C6A221F0F90C}">用户界面原型</a>设计本身就是用户界面的设计。区别仅在于该设计的详细程度和严格程度。在制作用户界面设计的原型之前，通常不执行“完整”的用户界面设计。事实上，将详细的用户界面设计推迟到构建并复审了<a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_rup/workproducts/rup_user_interface_prototype_7237E5AA.html" guid="{3DF10D00-8C80-4429-92B8-C6A221F0F90C}">原型</a>的数个迭代之后进行，这常常比较适当。关于用户界面设计的更多信息，请参阅<a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_rup/tasks/design_user_interface_DAABE09F.html" guid="{7414C358-6188-4E5C-8C35-F9D4DF3E0123}">任务：设计用户界面</a>。
</p></td>
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<div class="stepHeading"> 实施用户界面原型</div>
<div class="stepContent">
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<td><a id="Implement the User-Interface Prototype" name="Implement the User-Interface Prototype"></a>
<p>
    一旦需要将用户界面设计展示给除用户界面设计员之外的其他人，就应创建<a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_rup/workproducts/rup_user_interface_prototype_7237E5AA.html" guid="{3DF10D00-8C80-4429-92B8-C6A221F0F90C}">用户界面原型</a>。该原型应与主窗口和辅助窗口的外观及行为比较接近。通过这些初始的用户界面原型，您就开始建立系统用户界面的思维模型。
</p>
<p>
    注意，不应注重于完成可执行原型的良好源代码结构和模块化；相反，应注重于创建一次性原型，该原型对用户界面的重要方面进行可视化并提供它的一些重要用户操作／行为。另外，当设计原型并将它展示给其他人时，该原型很可能会几次更改，这些更改常常会制作成廉价的补丁。结果，原型的源代码通常价值很有限，并且在将要实施真实用户界面时不会“演进”。
</p>
<p>
    一般而言，实施原型比实施真实用户界面更加便宜。以下是用户界面的原型和真实实施之间的一些差异：
</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        原型不需要支持所有需求场景（例如，用例）。 相反，原型仅支持少量场景和对其排定优先次序。在随后的迭代中，可能扩展该原型，逐渐扩大场景覆盖范围和加强体系结构执行。
    </li>
    <li>
        主窗口通常是要实施的最复杂组件；如果您制作的高级用户界面真正利用了可视化潜能，则可能难以找到现成的组件。您通常可以使用原始组件（例如按钮、切换按钮或选项按钮）来近似模拟用户界面对于某一组数据的样子，而不是实施新组件。如果可能，使用几个原型显示多组数据，以包括平均值和对象容量。
    </li>
    <li>
        模拟或忽略窗口上对于实施很重要的所有用户操作。
    </li>
    <li>
        模拟或忽略系统的内部构成，例如业务逻辑、辅助存储器、多进程以及与其他系统的交互。
    </li>
</ul></td>
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<div class="stepHeading"> 获得关于用户界面原型的反馈</div>
<div class="stepContent">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="stepTable">
<tr valign="top">
<td><a id="Get Feedback on the User-Interface Prototype" name="Get Feedback on the User-Interface Prototype"></a>
<p>
    制作用户界面原型时，与系统的用户及潜在用户紧密合作是很重要的。可使用此方法确定系统的可用性，有助于发现先前未发现的任何需求，并进一步优化需求定义。&nbsp;
</p>
<p>
    可通过关注复审和测试，获得关于用户界面原型的反馈。有关可用性测试的信息，请参阅<a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_rup/guidances/concepts/usability_testing_EA14CC80.html" guid="2.3731649174885136E-305">概念：可用性测试</a>。
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<div class="sectionHeading">属性</div>
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<th scope="row" class="sectionTableHeading" id="property_事件驱动" abbr="事件驱动">事件驱动</th><td align="left" class="sectionTableCell" headers="property_事件驱动"><img title="" alt="" height="15" width="20" src="./../../images/indent.gif"></td>
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<th scope="row" class="sectionTableHeading" id="property_正在进行" abbr="正在进行">正在进行</th><td align="left" class="sectionTableCell" headers="property_正在进行"><img title="" alt="" height="15" width="20" src="./../../images/indent.gif"></td>
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<th scope="row" class="sectionTableHeading" id="property_可选" abbr="可选">可选</th><td align="left" class="sectionTableCell" headers="property_可选"><img title="" alt="" height="15" width="20" src="./../../images/indent.gif"></td>
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<th scope="row" class="sectionTableHeading" id="property_已计划" abbr="已计划">已计划</th><td align="left" class="sectionTableCell" headers="property_已计划"><img title="" alt="" height="15" width="20" src="./../../images/indent.gif"></td>
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<th scope="row" class="sectionTableHeading" id="property_可重复" abbr="可重复">可重复</th><td align="left" class="sectionTableCell" headers="property_可重复"><img title="" alt="" height="15" width="20" src="./../../images/indent.gif"></td>
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<div class="sectionHeading">更多信息</div>
<div class="sectionContent">
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<th scope="row" class="sectionTableHeading">概念</th><td class="sectionTableCell">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../core.base_rup/guidances/concepts/prototypes_9D1E67A.html" guid="6.334848481235948E-305">原型</a>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
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